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-
- The Edges of the Matrix
-
- John S. Quarterman
- jsq@tic.com
-
- Copyright (c) 1993
- Matrix Information and Directory Services, Inc. (MIDS)
- From *Matrix News* 3(3), March 1993.
- Contact: mids@tic.com, +1-512-451-7602, fax: +1-512-450-1436.
-
- What are the geographical edges of the
- networked world? This is a peculiar question,
- with a constantly varying answer. Here's what
- I've found. If you know more, please let me know.
-
- 1. South
-
- In the book, *The Matrix*, I mentioned that the U.S. Palmer,
- Siple, and South Pole stations exchanged mail with the
- Matrix by way of Kermit over a satellite link to a NASA
- machine in Florida. This arrangement is still in place for
- the South Pole station, making it clearly the most southerly
- networked place in the world, at 90 degrees south.
- Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station does not have a permanent
- link, and does not use the usual protocols of networks like
- the Internet, UUCP, FidoNet, or BITNET, but mail is
- exchanged with the Matrix.
-
- The AQ DNS domain for Antarctica was registered in
- March 1992 by New Zealand, specifically by their Department
- of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR). DSIR has a
- permanent satellite link to Scott Base on Ross Island. They
- run IP over that link, and it is routed with the Internet.
- But apparently it isn't configured for international access;
- I can't reach it from here.
-
- However, two kilometers away is the U.S. McMurdo base.
- McMurdo was first connected to the Internet in about
- February 1992. Apparently there was some problem with
- 200mph winds during Antarctic winter, but McMurdo has been
- up solidly since at least December 1992 (Antarctic summer).
- That's about 78S 166E.
-
- It is rumored that Australia has a link to their
- Antarctic base to Hobart, Tasmania, but it is apparently not
-
- Matrix News, mids@tic.com 3(3), March 1993
-
- Edges - 2 - South
-
- routed with the rest of the Internet.
-
- Other countries are also considering Internet
- connections from Antarctica, and some may be up already.
-
- There are no FidoNet, UUCP, or BITNET sites in
- Antarctica that I know of.
-
- The southernmost networked place *not* in Antarctica
- appears to be Hobart, Tasmania, which has UUCP, FidoNet, and
- Internet connections. There is no BITNET in Australia or
- New Zealand.
-
- 2. North
-
- The northernmost networked place in the world is harder to
- discover, because there are so many contenders.
-
- Most northerly appears to be a node on the NASA Science
- Network (part of the Internet), in Thule, Greenland, at
- 77 40N 69 0W. There are a few towns farther north than
- that, in Greenland, on Ellesmere Island, in Svalbard, and in
- Franz Josef's Land, but they don't seem to be networked.
-
- Second most northerly appears to be a PC clone running
- Waffle on the North Slope of Alaska, in Atqasuk:
- 70 28 10N 157 23 45W. This is a bit hard to discover, since
- the UUCP map listing for it has 70 28N 157 23N. Unless this
- node is run by Santa Claus, it's hard to believe it is north
- of the North Pole. This host is really connected using the
- WWIVnet protocols. Other than Atqasuk, the northernmost
- networked place in the United States is apparently
- Fairbanks, Alaska.
-
- The most northerly Canadian hosts appear to be in the
- Northwest Territories. There are two on FidoNet. The most
- northerly is the one in Rankin Inlet, 62 30N 93 0W. The
- other is in Yellowknife. There is a UUCP host in
- Yellowknife, as well. That's 62 27 43N 114 26 04W. The
- most northerly Yukon host appears to be on FidoNet, in
- Whitehorse, at 60 43N 135 03W.
-
- There is one site in Greenland that I can't locate:
- Edgedesminde. That may be way north. However, Nuuk is on
- FidoNet, at 64 10N 51 35W.
-
- Iceland is farther north, and Kopasker appears to be
- the most northerly site in Iceland, with both Internet and
- UUCP connections, at 66 20 30N 16 29 30W. Reykjavik is only
- a few degrees farther south, and has UUCP, FidoNet, BITNET,
- and Internet connections, at 64 08 35N 21 57 35W.
-
- Norway: Tromsoe, with Internet and FidoNet connections,
-
- Matrix News, mids@tic.com 3(3), March 1993
-
- Edges - 3 - North
-
- at 69 40N 18 50E. This is also the site of the most
- northerly networked university in the world.
-
- Sweden: Lulea, with FidoNet, UUCP, and Internet
- connections, at 65 35 22N 22 10 00E.
-
- Finland: Oulu, with Internet, BITNET, and FidoNet
- connections, at 65 13 00N 25 19 00E.
-
- In Russia, Murmansk doesn't seem to be networked, but
- Sverodvinsk and Archangelsk are, around 64 34N 39 50E, on
- FidoNet. Then there is Komi, on UUCP, at
- 63 33 00N 53 38 00E; Petrozavodsk, Karelia, also on UUCP, at
- 61 47N 34 20E; Ivanovo, on FidoNet, at 60 32N 36 22E; and
- eventually St. Petersburg, on most networks, at
- 59 55N 30 15E.
-
- 3. West
-
- Westernmost doesn't mean much on a round planet, but the
- networked place farthest west in longitude from Greenwich is
- Hawaii, with Honolulu at more than 157 degrees west.
- Exactly which town on which island is the westernmost
- networked is unclear.
-
- 4. East
-
- Easternmost from Greenwich is Fiji, where the Department of
- Mathematics of the University of the South Pacific in Suva,
- at 18 6S 178 30E, has a UUCP link to New Zealand. Then
- there are various places in New Zealand, such as Wellington,
- which is connected to most networks except BITNET, at
- 41 17 25S 174 46 07E. Christchurch is also far east,
- followed by Port-Vila, Vanuatu, on the RIO UUCP network, at
- 17 44S 168 19E. Then there is Scott Station (NZ),
- Antarctica, on the Internet; Noumea, New Caledonia, on RIO;
- and McMurdo Station (US), Antarctica, on the Internet, all
- between 166 and 167 degrees east.
-
- Gold Coast, Queensland, is probably the easternmost
- networked place in Australia, on FidoNet, at 28 04S 153 25E.
- Australia being one of the most networked places in the
- world, many other Australian locations follow.
-
- Russia's easternmost networked outpost appears to be
- Magadan, north of the Sea of Okhotsk, and at the end of the
- road from the west, with both FidoNet, and UUCP, at
- 59 34N 150 48E. There appears to be nothing on the
- Kamchatka Peninsula, or farther east. Sakhalin Island is on
- the map, with UUCP.
-
- Guam's easternmost networked point is on FidoNet, at
-
- Matrix News, mids@tic.com 3(3), March 1993
-
- Edges - 4 - East
-
- 13 29 02N 144 48 23E.
-
- The easternmost networked place in the Land of the
- Rising Sun is Kushiro, Hokaido, Japan, on the Internet, at
- 42 58N 144 23E. Sapporo follows soon after, with Internet
- and UUCP connections.
-
- References
-
- Matrix News, mids@tic.com 3(3), March 1993
-